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平台成为产业实践中日益占据主导地位的组织形态。尽管对平台的理论研究不断增多,但对"平台情境"与"平台理论"的认识争议仍广泛存在,已成为制约该领域发展的重要问题。文章尝试整合文献计量和内容分析方法,在客观呈现国内外平台研究现状的基础上厘清这一争论。引文聚类分析表明平台研究脉络是经历了从产品开发平台、双边市场平台到战略创新平台的流派演进。虽然三大流派关注的研究议题、遵循的研究视角和采用的研究方法各异,但关键词共现分析表明流派间融合趋势明显。以平台研究在属性认识、核心议题和关系建模上是否达成共识为依据,文章发现"平台理论"正在形成。平台理论研究需抓住"多边架构"和"网络效应"两大关键特征,在加强理论对话基础上构建平台自身的理论框架。文章初步尝试构建起一个涵盖平台组织、平台生态和平台制度环境的三层次框架,结合中国平台经济发展的实际,提出未来可重点关注平台组织结构设计、平台生态系统治理和平台型制度创业等议题。
Abstract：Platform has become the most popular organization form in the industrial practice. Despite increasing research on platform,controversies between platform context view and platform theory view remain,making the long-term development of platform research difficult. This paper uses the method of bibliometrics and content analysis to clarify the controversy by objectively combing and presenting the current situation of domestic and foreign platform research. The Citation Clustering Analysis shows that theplatform research has evolved from the product development platform and two-sided market platform to the strategic innovation platform. Although the three major schools focus on the different issues,use different theoretical perspectives and research methods,the Co-word Analysis shows convergence of different schools. Based on the three judgments of "what is theory",platform attributes,platform issues and platform modeling,this paper finds that"platform theory"research academic community is forming. The future platform research should focus on the multi-sides architecture and network effect,and carry out dialogue with the classical theory for constructing its theory framework. This study attempts to build a three-layer framework of platform organization,platform ecosystem and platform institution environment. Based on the development of the industrial practice of China,the future research may focus on the platform of organizational boundaries,platform envelope strategy and business model innovation,platform enterprise innovation ecosystem management,platform organization-led institutional entrepreneurship and other research areas.
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(1)鉴于平台研究的跨学科属性,原计划在管理学期刊目录基础上增加经济学四大刊,其中《管理世界》已经包含,而《世界经济》并没有发表直接针对平台选题的研究论文。此外,《财贸经济》作为发表电子商务平台研究的重要期刊,《外国经济与管理》作为发表重要综述文章的代表,本文将其加入分析样本。
(2)英文检索将“双边市场”作为标题,而中文检索将其作为关键词。原因是本文在前期搜索中将双边市场作为标题进行检索,发现大量论文难以被检索出来。试错发现将双边市场作为关键词进行检索的效果更佳。
(1)限于篇幅,在不影响整体理解的前提下,高发文量机构和下文高发文量作者没有在文中呈现。
(2)Gawer在导师支持下召集出版的“Platforms,Markets and Innovation”已然成为平台研究重要参考书。
(1)部分非正式发表文献未在文后“参考文献”中列出,可查阅原文。
(1)这一选择是遵照文献计量分析简洁明了呈现结果的要求,迭代出的最优结果。
(1)Gawer是平台研究领域的领军学者,她于2015年参加DRUID会议,报告了题为“What Drives Shifts in Platform Boundaries:An Organizational Perspective”的工作论文。
基本信息:
DOI：10.14134/j.cnki.cn33-1336/f.2018.03.002
中图分类号:F713.36
引用信息:
[1]王节祥,蔡宁.平台研究的流派、趋势与理论框架——基于文献计量和内容分析方法的诠释[J].商业经济与管理,2018,No.317(03):20-35.DOI:10.14134/j.cnki.cn33-1336/f.2018.03.002.
基金信息:
国家社会科学基金青年项目“平台企业主导型特色小镇的治理机制及政策研究”(17CGL008); 浙江省自然科学基金青年项目“平台企业的边界治理及其动态演化:基于浙江的多案例研究”(LQ18G020001); 中国博士后科学基金面上项目“互联网平台企业的开放度治理及其动态演化研究”(2017M6219622); 浙江省软科学一般项目“基于平台视角的众创空间竞争力评价及政策优化研究”(2017C35G2220309)
2018-03-15
2018-03-15