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利用2018年中国劳动力动态调查(CLDS)数据研究了智能化技术应用(如机器人和人工智能)对劳动者心理健康的影响及其作用机制。研究结果表明，智能化技术应用显著降低了劳动者患中度或重度抑郁症的概率，且这一效应主要在工业部门显现。机制检验结果表明，智能化技术应用通过提高劳动者的工作满意度、成就感和安全感，间接改善了劳动者心理健康。此外，智能化技术增加了劳动者认知任务需求，改善了工作环境，并提高了工资水平。根据研究结果，建议重视劳动者心理健康，平衡技术发展与劳动者权益，加强相关研究与监测，以促进智能化技术与劳动力市场的健康发展。该研究为深入理解智能化技术对劳动力市场的影响提供了重要参考。
Abstract：Using data from the 2018 China Labor-force Dynamics Survey (CLDS), this study investigates the impact of intelligent technology applications (such as robots and artificial intelligence) on workers' mental health and its underlying mechanisms. The findings reveal that the application of intelligent technology significantly reduces the likelihood of workers experiencing moderate or severe depressive symptoms, with this effect being primarily observed in the industrial sector. Mechanism tests indicate that intelligent technology improves workers' mental health indirectly by enhancing workers' job satisfaction, sense of achievement, and job security. Furthermore, the adoption of intelligent technologies increases cognitive task demands, improves workplace conditions, and raises wage levels. Based on these findings, this study suggests prioritizing workers' mental health, balancing technological development with labor rights, and strengthening research and monitoring efforts to achieve a healthy integration of intelligent technologies and labor markets. This research provides valuable insights into the broader impact of intelligent technology adoption on the labor market.
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(1)可见文件《健康中国行动(2019—2030年)》,参见网址:https://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2019-07/15/content_5409694.htm。
(2)参见新闻报告《Amazon's “Safe” New Robot Won't Fix Its Worker Injury Problem》,网址:https://www.wired.com/story/amazons-worker-injury-problem/。
(3)本文使用数据来自中山大学社会科学调查中心开展的“中国劳动力动态调查”(CLDS)。本文的观点和内容由作者自负。如需了解有关此数据的更多信息,请登录http://css.sysu.edu.cn。
(4)工业部门是指采掘业、制造业和电力、煤气、水的生产及供给业3个产业部门。考虑到工业智能化主要集中于工业部门,正文中主要使用工业部门样本进行分析,其他部门样本主要用于稳健性检验。表1为工业部门样本描述性统计结果。
(5)因篇幅所限,具体可见《职业分类与代码(GB/T 6565—2015)》中职业大类划分。
(6)因篇幅所限,具体划分可见国家统计局网站:https://www.stats.gov.cn。
(7)Bootstrap随机抽样命令次数为500,匹配后的所有特征变量的标准化偏差均小于10%,通过平衡性检验。因篇幅所限,文中未展示具体结果,感兴趣的读者可向作者索取。
(8)因篇幅所限,未展示具体计算过程,感兴趣的读者可见VanderWeele和Ding(2017)的文章[35]。
(9)根据2018年CLDS调查设计可知,该调查使用多阶段、多层次、概率抽样方法进行入户调查,因此抽取到多位雇员受访者在一家企业单位工作的概率极低(本文筛选后的有效样本3469个,分散于28个省、129个城市、345个社区),所以本文假定从单一样本获得的企业单位智能化技术应用信息可以代表该地区某一家企业单位的智能化技术应用情况。
(10)因篇幅所限,未展示具体结果,感兴趣的读者可向作者索取。
基本信息:
DOI：10.14134/j.cnki.cn33-1336/f.2025.01.006
中图分类号:F272.92
引用信息:
[1]华汉阳,朱启贵,程名望.智能化技术应用影响了劳动者心理健康吗?[J].商业经济与管理,2025,No.399(01):83-96.DOI:10.14134/j.cnki.cn33-1336/f.2025.01.006.
基金信息:
国家社会科学基金重大项目“完善住户部门资产负债表体系建设研究”(20&ZD136); 上海市教育委员会科研创新计划重大项目“现代化经济体系统计监测评价指标、方法及应用研究”(2021-01-07-00-02-E00127);上海市教育委员会科研创新计划重大项目“新型城镇化视角下城乡融合发展理论与政策研究”(2023SKZD03)