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本土代工企业在全球价值链嵌入中进行代工关系专用性投资,具有何种升级功效?针对主流全球价值链理论的"升级"与"伪升级"争议,文章基于跨国买供间关系治理理论与关系租金攫取视角的升级界定,采用浙江本土代工企业146个二元代工关系层面调查数据的实证研究表明,关系专用性投资通过关系建构,有助于本土代工企业的关系租金攫取,具有"升级"效应;但同时会导致权力销蚀,存在"伪升级"效应。当代工能力具有较高的专有性水平时,升级效应处于主导,反之则伪升级效应处于主导。结论表明,本土代工企业在全球价值链嵌入中进行关系专用性投资,只能锦上添花、不能雪中送炭。这一结论澄清了本土代工企业"升级"与"伪升级"争议,对代工企业升级的战略决策具有直接应用价值。
Abstract：The capability investments by local OEM / ODM firms imbedded in global value chains have dyadic relational specificity. What roles the specific investments play on GVC upgrading keeps being debated theoretically in between upgrading or degrading. From the perspective of international buyer-supplier relationship governance theory,and based on the definition of upgrading by relational rent appropriation,the empirical study of the 146 Zhejiang dyadic OEM / ODM relationship samples shows: relational construction effect of relationally specific investment promotes relational rent appropriation and upgrading,while power weakening effect gives rise to relational rent loss and degrading. The exclusion of OEM / ODM firms' capabilities moderates the relationships between relationally specific investment and relational rent appropriation performance. This conclusion settles the controversy of upgrading or degrading,clarifies the mechanism,and contributes to the GVC governance theory and international buyer-supplier governance theory,directly beneficial for the policy design and upgrading practice.
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1OEM代工业务中,国际代工客户对本土代工企业主要存在“产能规模、质量标准、交货速度、供应弹性以及物流服务”等五个方面的要求。而在ODM代工业务中,国际代工客户还会对本土代工企业的产品设计能力有要求。
1Griffi等学者在2005年提出,发展中国家本土代工企业嵌入于全球价值链中,可以实现“工艺升级、产品升级、功能升级以及跨链升级”等四种升级方式。
2这些“组合拳”通常包括:用远远超过本土代工企业现有生产能力的大额订单,诱使本土代工企业在短期内数倍地扩张具有高度专用性的产能;在相近地域培植两到三个高度相似的供应商;利用动态的订单分配策略在供应商之间制造竞争。
3二元代工关系情境下,本土代工企业在代工关系中的权力地位,可以用下式表示:P=(R1+S1)/(R2+S2)。其中,R1和S1分别表示国际代工客户对本土代工企业的资源依赖和专用性依赖,R2和S2则相反。参见文献[11]。
1 关系机制,即本土代工企业关系专用性投资具有关系建构效应,有助于关系租金攫取;权力机制,即本土代工企业关系专用性投资具有权力销蚀效应,对关系租金攫取具有负面影响。
2 主流理论将全球价值链治理模式划分为五类:科层型、准科层型、网络型、模块型和市场型。
基本信息:
DOI：10.14134/j.cnki.cn33-1336/f.2015.01.005
中图分类号:F425;F406.7;F224
引用信息:
[1]项丽瑶,胡峰,俞荣建,等.关系专用性投资的全球价值链升级功效——基于浙江本土代工企业的实证研究[J].商业经济与管理,2015,No.279(01):35-42.DOI:10.14134/j.cnki.cn33-1336/f.2015.01.005.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金面上项目“根植网络治理、升级能力建构与租金攫取绩效:本土代工企业根植升级机理研究”(71273238); 浙江省哲学社会科学规划重点项目“浙江本土代工企业根植升级的机理、路径与政策研究”(14NDJC014Z); 浙江省哲学社会科学规划项目“基于“三矩”结构范式的浙江本土代工企业升级能力构建”(14NDJC138YB); 浙江省高校人文社会科学重点研究基地(浙江工商大学工商管理学科)“根植性视角的浙江本土代工企业升级能力构建研究”(JYTgs20141103); 浙江省自然科学基金项目“基于海外市场网络嵌入视角的国际营销能力升级影响机制研究:浙江制造型企业实证”(Y13G020037)
2015-01-15
2015-01-15