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研究发现,古典主义经济学乃至新古典主义经济学所奉行的市场均衡模型(包括一般均衡和局部均衡)并非白璧无瑕,关于这一模型的经典著述中隐含着许多反论,而右下斜(斜率为负)的供给曲线以及右上斜(斜率为正)的需求曲线是这些反论的核心。这些反论促成了如下反思:供给价格不等于边际成本;供给表并非来自实践,而是来自传统供给法则的主观拟断;边际收益递减并不决定供给曲线的右上扬,相反倒决定了供给曲线的右下斜趋势,而边际收益递增则决定了供给曲线右上斜的趋势。以上反思得出一个基本结论:市场均衡模型并非马歇尔的那个交叉,真实的模型中至少应当包含着右下斜的供给曲线和右上斜的需求曲线。
Abstract：This paper indicates: the market equilibrium model proposed by classical and neoclassical economics(including general equilibrium and partial ones) are not faultless.There are some paradoxes with the existing market equilibrium model.The supply curve sloping down to the right(negative slope) and the demand curve sloping up to the right(positive slope),are the key points of the paradoxes.These paradoxes induce some considerations below: first,the supply price is not equal to the marginal cost;second,there is no evidence that Marshall's supply schedule comes from market reality;third,as a pattern of the supply curve sloping up to the right cannot be determined by marginal revenue decrease,on the contrary,marginal revenue decrease leads the supply curve down to the right.Hence the conclusion: market equilibrium model is quite different from Marshall's cross,the real model should contain a supply curve with negative slope and demand curve with positive slope.
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①根据http://www.marxists.org/reference/subject/economics/steuart/index.htm提供的同名电子文本统计。
①根据http://ishare.iask.sina.com.cn/f/10641114.html提供的同名电子文本统计。
②马歇尔.经济学原理(下卷)[M].北京:商务印书馆,1997,35-36.马歇尔还在第36页的脚注中进一步指出:“这就是说,沿着供给曲线向右移动的一点可以上升或下降,甚至可以交替升降;换言之,供给曲线可以是上升的,也可以是下降的,甚或他的某些部分是上升的,而另一些部分却是下降的。”
基本信息:
DOI：10.14134/j.cnki.cn33-1336/f.2012.04.007
中图分类号:F014.3
引用信息:
[1]王真.关于市场均衡论的反论与反思[J].商业经济与管理,2012,No.246(04):71-79.DOI:10.14134/j.cnki.cn33-1336/f.2012.04.007.
2012-04-15
2012-04-15