商业经济与管理

人工智能技术正驱动低空经济向智能化、高效化和平台化方向演进，同时也对传统监管体系构成了系统性挑战。低空经济的发展面临着由空域资源产权不清引发的“公地悲剧”风险、安全责任主体多元化带来的责任界定困境，以及制度供给滞后所导致的产业发展不确定性。新制度经济学的产权界定、交易成本与制度变迁理论为系统分析并破解上述监管难题提供了较好的理论视角。为应对上述挑战，需重新定位政府角色，构建“控制者—主导者—推动者—监测者”四位一体的动态治理体系，并围绕产权制度创新、绩效评价改革与国际规则协同三个维度推进监管模式转型。通过建立数字孪生智能管控系统、实施市场化动态使用权机制、完善风险分级监管框架等路径，可有效降低交易成本、明晰产权边界，建立安全、高效的低空经济监管模式。

Artificial intelligence( AI) is driving the low-altitude economy toward greater intelligence, efficiency, and platform-based development, while simultaneously posing systemic challenges to traditional regulatory frameworks. The development of the low-altitude economy faces several critical issues: the “tragedy of the commons” arising from ambiguous property rights over airspace resources, the difficulty of attributing liability due to the diversification of safety responsibility entities, and industrial development uncertainties resulting from lagging institutional supply. New institutional economics(NIE), with its theories of property rights,transaction costs, and institutional change, offers a valuable theoretical lens for systematically analyzing and addressing these regulatory challenges. To tackle these challenges, it is necessary to redefine the role of government and establish a dynamic governance system that integrates four functions: controller, dominator, promoter, and monitor. At the same time, regulatory model transformation should be advanced along three dimensions: innovating property rights institutions, reforming performance evaluation mechanisms, and promoting international rule coordination. Specific pathways—such as establishing a digital twin-based intelligent control system, implementing a market-oriented dynamic use rights mechanism, and refining a risk-tiered regulatory framework—can effectively reduce transaction costs, clarify property rights boundaries, and ultimately build a safe and efficient regulatory model for the low-altitude economy.