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在中国，只有不到3%的企业能通过直接出口进入国际市场。非出口企业能够成为出口企业的供应商，进而间接参与全球价值链分工并获得知识溢出以提升其创新绩效。基于2007—2016年中国上市企业的客户-供应商关系，文章探讨了国内供应商的间接出口参与其创新绩效的关系。研究表明：间接出口参与能够带来显著的知识溢出效应，促进企业创新发展；间接出口对企业创新的影响在企业规模、行业、地理位置和产权性质方面存在异质性。机制检验表明，规模效应溢出、信息效应溢出和竞争效应溢出是间接出口影响企业创新绩效的机制。研究证实了在日益错综复杂的全球价值链中，间接出口参与对国内企业参与全球价值链、提升创新能力，进而提升新质生产力的重要战略价值。
Abstract：In China, less than 3% of enterprises can directly enter the international market through exports. Non-exporting firms may become suppliers to exporting enterprises, thereby indirectly participating in global value chain( GVC) division of labor and gaining knowledge spillovers to enhance their innovation performance. Based on the customer-supplier relationships of Chinese listed firms from 2007 to 2016, this paper examines the relationship between domestic suppliers ' indirect export participation and their innovation performance. The findings reveal that indirect export participation generates significant knowledge spillover effects,fostering corporate innovation. The impact of indirect exports on innovation exhibits heterogeneity across firm size, industry,geographic location, and ownership structure. Mechanism tests indicate that scale effect spillovers, information effect spillovers, and competition effect spillovers serve as pathways through which indirect exports influence corporate innovation performance. The study confirms the strategic value of indirect export participation in enabling domestic firms to integrate into increasingly complex GVCs,enhance innovation capabilities, and thereby advance new quality productive forces.
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(1)数据来源于中国海关总署。
(2)经检验,客户面临的外部需求冲击(EDS)与间接出口参与(IndirectEx)的Pearson相关系数为0.113(p=0.000),而与创新绩效(Innovation)的相关系数为0.022(p=0.443),满足“工具变量与内生变量相关,但与因变量无关”的要求。
(3)数据来源于联合国商品贸易数据库(UN Comtrade Database),详见https://comtrade.un.org/。
(4)在双重差分检验中,保留了“间接出口企业-客户”的双元关系作为准自然实验的识别基础。
(5)根据国家统计局发布的《高技术产业(制造业)分类(2013)》,高科技行业包括:医药制造,航空、航天器及设备制造,电子及通信设备制造,计算机及办公设备制造,医疗仪器设备及仪器仪表制造,信息化学品制造等六大类。这些行业在国民经济行业中的研发(R&D)投入较高。
(6)沿海地区为:天津市、上海市、广东省、浙江省、福建省、山东省、江苏省、辽宁省、海南省、广西壮族自治区、河北省(港、澳、台相关数据缺失)。
基本信息:
DOI：10.14134/j.cnki.cn33-1336/f.2025.06.001
中图分类号:F832.51;F273.1;F272.5
引用信息:
[1]刘益,桑徐卫,沙维曦.全球价值链间接参与与创新绩效——知识溢出的作用[J].商业经济与管理,2025,No.404(06):5-21.DOI:10.14134/j.cnki.cn33-1336/f.2025.06.001.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金重点项目“移动互联网时代的全渠道营销研究”(71832008)
2025-02-25
2025
2025-03-25
2025-08-10
2025
1
2025-06-15
2025-06-15